Wearable technology:

Beyond fitness—Innovations in patient monitoring and chronic disease management

Introduction

Wearable technology has come a long way from the early purpose of fitness tracking and has many uses in healthcare. There used to be a lot of talk about fitness trackers, smartwatches, and health monitors, which were focused on keeping us updated on our activities, heart rate, and sleep patterns. Yet, as technology has progressed, these gadgets have gained a lot of newer sensors and algorithms to be able to take and process health information besides exercise data. This trend is part of an increasingly clear sense of wearables’ role in health and wellness.
This new healthcare application of wearables mainly focuses on monitoring patients and treating chronic diseases. Fitness wearables that monitor heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, and more can track all this data in real-time and improve the lives of patients. Because these devices enable remote monitoring, doctors can get involved earlier and avoid problems before they’re too severe. Such a capability is especially relevant for the management of chronic illnesses, where current data will guide treatment decisions and ensure compliance with care.
This article will talk about some of the newest uses of wearable technology in healthcare that don’t just involve fitness. We will review recent developments in patient tracking and chronic disease management to show you how wearables are changing the healthcare landscape. This article, which includes case studies and examples of successful deployments, will show how wearable technology can transform patient care health and help providers provide tailored, data-driven treatments to patients.

The evolution of wearable technology

The wearable industry took off in the late 20th century with simple fitness monitors. There were simple pedometers and heart rate monitors that would tell users how fit they were in the early days. With the invention of smartphones and the development of sensors, more advanced machines could be made. Fitness trackers — for example, Fitbit — entered their own market in 2009, when wearables flooded the market, with users looking to track their health at their fingertips. This consumer appetite created the pretext for future wearable technology.
As wearable devices became more capable, the era of fitness trackers becoming medical instruments started to evolve. Firms saw the opportunities in wearables not only for fitness but also for chronic health monitoring and clinical interventions. That change was made possible by advances in sensor technology, data science, and connectivity so that the devices could take vital health measurements such as blood glucose, ECG, and blood pressure. Regulations like the FDA also approved wearables for medical purposes, opening a whole new class of wearables for monitoring patients and chronic disease management. It was an evolution that gave healthcare professionals the ability to make wearables part of their everyday patient care.
We now see wearables in healthcare more often due to trends like remote patient monitoring and personalized medicine. With telehealth and the shift to more patient-centric care, wearables are being used to capture real-time health information to communicate with healthcare providers. Innovating biosensors, artificial intelligence-based data analytics, and medical-specific wearable devices are the future. As medical groups take up the baton, the promise of wearables in terms of reducing mortality, disease, and clinical workflow is only increasing, and wearables for healthcare are paving the way forward.

Key innovations in patient monitoring

Wearable devices are a game-changer for long-term health monitoring by allowing you to monitor your heartrate, blood pressure, and blood glucose in real-time. These sensors can gather health information and send it to the clinician or device on demand so they can intervene early and make a more informed decision. Smartwatches and fitness bands, for example, are able to track your heartrate and activity levels throughout the day, while wearables such as CGMs, designed for diabetes patients, monitor your glucose levels in real-time. This monitoring is particularly useful to chronically ill patients, who get crucial information about their health and can be managed proactively.
Here are a few case studies on how wearables can help you monitor your patients in real-time. An obvious candidate is continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), including the Dexcom G6, which will keep track of a person’s blood glucose using a miniature sensor attached to their skin. Not only does this device help people with diabetes regulate their diabetes more effectively, but it also sends signals of high or low blood sugar to intervene and correct them right away. A third possibility is to use ECG monitors, such as Apple Watch Series 4 and later, that have an ECG app that lets you do an electrocardiogram at any time. Such monitors can spot irregular heartbeats, which provides patients and medical personnel with data that can be used to intervene in time and potentially prevent fatal cardiovascular events.
Health analytics and telemonitoring platforms are key to unlocking the full promise of wearable technology in healthcare. Healthcare providers can better understand patients' health patterns and outcomes by sifting and consolidating data from different wearable devices. Machine-learning algorithms can spot patterns in the data to give you predictive analytics to help you get an early start and customize your treatment. Most remote patient monitoring solutions also integrate with EHRs to give providers real-time access to data and historical patient data. This coordination creates a more holistic patient health experience, ultimately increasing patient participation, outcomes, and cost-effective healthcare with timely interventions.

Wearable technology in chronic disease management

Wearable technology can help to manage chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disease by giving the patient and health care provider constant real-time information about their condition. Wearable instruments such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), for example, are a must for diabetics to measure their blood sugar throughout the day and adjust their insulin therapy accordingly. The same is true of wearables with heartrate and ECG functions that assist people with heart disease in monitoring their symptoms by monitoring heart rate and advising them when something is amiss. In respiratory illnesses, a wearable that measures oxygen saturation can deliver data that could support patients’ symptoms and regimens.
Components of wearables specifically for chronic disease management include reminders for medications, symptom monitoring, and connectivity to telehealth. There are many wearable devices that have notifications to remind patients to take their pills in time and stick to their treatment plan. There’s also symptom tracking so that patients can document their experiences, including pain or respiratory symptoms, to inform clinicians for better decisions. Some wearables even integrate with telehealth services for live, virtual consultations that let clinicians monitor patients’ information and tailor treatments to their patients in real-time so they can help without going to the person.
Both patients and physicians can benefit from wearables. Wearables help patients with treatment compliance as they can receive support and live updates on their condition, making it easier to manage chronic disease alone. This kind of instant feedback enables patients to make better health decisions and is responsible. Wearables make early intervention possible for physicians as they can spot alarming patterns in patient health data. It can also avoid complications, hospitalizations, and overall health issues, which will result in more efficient and effective chronic disease management.

Integration with healthcare systems

The collaboration between wearables and EHRs (electronic health records) and other healthcare IT systems is essential for providing a full picture of patient health. With wearable data in play, doctors can learn more about the patient’s routine health, monitor changes over time, and determine the appropriate treatment regimens accordingly. This integration creates a better patient experience in which wearable data from real-time can be combined with historical health records for better patient engagement and diagnoses. It also helps clinicians to track chronic conditions better so they can intervene in time and minimize complications.
But while it’s important, it’s extremely difficult to make wearable devices and healthcare systems work together on data interoperability. Manufacturers also tend to utilize different data formats and standards, so it’s difficult to share data across them all. What’s more, data privacy and security concerns can slow the ability of healthcare organizations to adopt these technologies. These issues are overcome through the industry's development of more and more standard protocols and data exchange frameworks like Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). Efforts between technology developers, clinicians, and regulators are needed to build regulations that can lead to safe and effective data integration at the lowest possible cost to both providers and patients.
A few services can link wearables and physicians to exchange data to enter health data into EHR. For example, platforms such as Apple Health and Google Fit pull health data from different wearables and pass it on to clinicians via secured APIs. Telehealth platforms like Teladoc and Amwell usually integrate wearable data, so doctors can access patient data in real-time when meeting remotely. These platforms aren’t only better communication tools between patients and providers, but they help patients play a greater role in their own care, which in turn means improved outcomes and an improved healthcare system.

Challenges and considerations

The issue of privacy and security should be on top when it comes to wearable tech in medicine. They can even hold personal health information that can be accessed or hacked by mistake. For instance, patients might not want to wearables because they believe their health data may be divulged or misappropriated. Manufacturers must have strict security to deal with these concerns — encryption, safe storage, and tight password protection. What’s more, physicians and patients need to be informed about how to protect patient health information, build trust in wearable technology, and encourage its use in clinical practice.
A third problem relates to the reliability of data. Even with wearable devices making great strides, their data is not always good data, as the design of the device, algorithms that read data, and the user’s attention to usage policies are all factors that influence how well they perform. For example, inaccurate heart rate or glucose values can lead to erroneous medical choices that can be unsafe for the patient. To reduce this, clinicians need to confirm the data that they receive from wearables with clinical norms and train patients on how to properly use their devices. More research and development are also required to make wearables more accurate and trustworthy.
Finally, wearable devices need to be regulatory compliant and standardized to ensure their healthcare use is safe and effective. Regulation agencies like the FDA need to have specific regulations on the approval and tracking of wearable devices – especially ones that transmit medical-grade information. Standardisation in data formats and protocols of interoperability are also needed to integrate with existing healthcare infrastructure and drive adoption. Together, manufacturers, regulators and healthcare professionals can develop a more aligned system that facilitates responsible wearable use to further patient care and health.

The future of wearable technology in healthcare

Wearable trends promise to change the healthcare industry with advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. These technologies will also allow wearables to deliver health information according to user data, making customized recommendations for lifestyle modifications, medication use and symptomatic care. AI algorithms can, for instance, take wearable data patterns and see which areas are vulnerable to illness before they have a chance to intervene. And with smart sensors coming in to make wearables better able to track more health parameters, including water intake, stress levels, and sleep, this also will allow patients to own their health as well. We can expect some significant wearables changes to patient care for the foreseeable future. Future developments could include more advanced wearables that perform a few different tasks at once, for example fitness trackers coupled with glucose monitoring and heart-health monitoring. Wearables could also become telehealth tools where patients can talk directly to doctors through the wearable. Such could result in the provision of proactive care arrangements in which clinicians would be able to track patients in real-time, modify treatments as live data changes, and have virtual consultations via the wearable. These advances can improve health through continuous interaction between patients and healthcare providers. Telehealth and remote monitoring along with wearable devices will play a key part in healthcare delivery in the future. As telehealth becomes more prevalent, wearables will help physicians maximize the value of remote visits by giving health professionals insight into patients’ health state based on data being received directly from their device. This alignment will lead not only to better care accessibility but also more accurate and rapid interventions. Wearables will be critical tools in retaining patients, adhering to treatment regimens, and keeping patient and clinician communication seamless as healthcare becomes a hybrid of in-person and remote care – creating a more patient-centric healthcare system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, wearables are rapidly evolving from their initial fitness applications to a part of patient care and chronic disease monitoring. The new devices provide real-time health data, help patients take control of their own health, and make for proactive, individualised care plans. While technology continues to revolutionize wearables’ capabilities, AI, telehealth, and data analytics will also change how healthcare is delivered. Taking up these innovations contributes to not just better patient care but a more connected and effective healthcare infrastructure, which in turn changes the way we manage our health in our everyday lives.